Pigeons are a common sight in many urban areas. While some view them as pests, pigeons are intelligent, social birds that can make interesting pets. Pigeons also provide benefits to ecosystems, such as seed dispersal and control of insect populations. Providing pigeons with proper shelter is an important part of caring for a flock. A good pigeon shelter provides protection from the elements and predators, as well as a safe place for nesting and rearing young. This article will provide tips on how to build your own pigeon shelter to safely house your flock.
What are the basic requirements for a pigeon shelter?
There are a few key components that every pigeon shelter needs:
Space
The coop should allow at least 2 square feet of interior space per bird. This gives them adequate room to move around and stretch their wings inside. The absolute minimum recommendation is 1 square foot per pigeon.
Ventilation
Proper airflow is critical to keep the coop cool and prevent buildup of ammonia from droppings. Vents should be placed along the roofline or upper walls. Windows covered with wire mesh also promote good ventilation.
Roosts
Flat perches should be provided for the birds to roost on at night. These can be as simple as 2×4 boards extending along walls. Allow 8-12 inches of perch space per bird. The perches should be placed 1-2 feet off the ground.
Nest boxes
Provide at least 1 nest box for every 2 birds. The boxes should measure about 12 inches square and have a 4 inch high sill. This allows the birds to have their own space for breeding and egg laying. Fill the boxes 2-3 inches deep with straw or pine shavings.
Protection from predators
The coop should be enclosed on all sides, with any windows, vents or openings covered securely with 1/2 inch wire mesh. This prevents entry from predators like raccoons, weasels or hawks. The floor can also be lined with wire mesh.
What types of materials can be used?
Pigeon coops can be constructed from a variety of new or recycled materials, such as:
Wood
Wood frames with plywood or boards for walls and roofing are a common choice. Cedar and redwood naturally resist rot. The wood can be painted or stained for additional weatherproofing.
Wire mesh
Galvanized wire mesh is ideal for covering windows, vents and openings. 1/4 inch mesh keeps mice out while allowing ventilation. Use 1/2 inch mesh for maximum predator protection. Hardware cloth also works well.
Metal roofing
Corrugated tin or steel panels make a durable, long-lasting roof. This resists leakage better than a flat wood roof alone.
Concrete blocks
Concrete blocks or bricks are a sturdy option for building the walls. This adds substantial weight so the coop won’t blow away in high winds.
Recycled materials
Old sheds, garages or chicken coops can easily be repurposed into pigeon housing. Storm windows and screens, pallets, and scrap lumber and metal can also be reused.
What design options work well?
Pigeon coops can be customized with various layouts and additional features:
Walk-in coops
A coop you can step inside makes cleaning easier. It also reduces stress on the birds from constantly reaching inside their space. Simply include a lockable door built into the wall.
Elevated coops
Building the coop atop 4×4 posts or cinder blocks helps protect birds and discourage predators. Elevating it 2-3 feet also allows droppings to fall below.
Aviaries
For an enclosed flight area, attach wire mesh to the walls and roof surrounding the coop. This allows the birds open air while restricting their range.
Lofts
Multi-story coops with nest boxes on upper levels provide more space. Ramps between levels allow pigeons to move freely between compartments.
Angled roofs
A minimum 45 degree sloped roof promotes runoff of rain and snow. This prevents moisture buildup or collapse from weight.
What size should the pigeon shelter be?
The coop size depends on how many birds you plan to house. Here are some typical recommendations:
Number of Pigeons | Minimum Coop Size |
---|---|
1-5 pigeons | 4′ x 4′ |
10 pigeons | 4′ x 8′ |
20 pigeons | 8′ x 8′ |
30 pigeons | 8′ x 10′ |
Adjust these dimensions accordingly if you plan to keep more pigeons. As a general rule, allow at least 2 square feet per bird in the coop, and 8-12 square feet per bird if there is an outdoor aviary.
Where should you place the pigeon shelter?
Pigeon coops can be kept freestanding in a yard or garden. But here are some factors to consider for placement:
Sun exposure
Orienting the coop to receive morning sun helps dry out overnight condensation inside. This creates a healthier environment.
Windbreaks
If possible, erect a wind barrier of shrubs or fencing on the north and west sides. This protects against harsh winds and storms.
Predator protection
Keep the coop away from trees, fences and structures where predators like hawks and raccoons can perch. Clear vegetation around the coop to reduce hiding spots.
Convenience
Place the coop close enough to your house for easy access, but far enough to prevent noise and odor nuisances. Consider proximity to electricity and water sources.
What are the steps to build a basic pigeon shelter?
Follow these steps to construct a simple wooden pigeon coop:
1. Frame the floor
Assemble a rectangle from 2×4 lumber on edge. This forms the base for attaching walls. Allow 1 foot beyond dimensions of planned coop.
2. Build wall frames
Cut 2x4s to length and nail into vertical wall studs 16 inches apart. Include door framing. Make two frames the size of coop’s front and back walls.
3. Install side walls
Cut plywood or boards to size and nail to 2×4 frame. Repeat for second side wall. Leave ventilation gaps if not adding mesh.
4. Set up roof frame
Build sloped rafters from 2x4s cut to proper angles. Connect tie beams between rafter ends for support.
5. Attach walls to floor
Stand up wall frames onto floor frame. Nail through floor into base plates of walls.
6. Add roofing
Nail plywood or corrugated metal over roof frame. Include overhangs on each side.
7. Install door
Mount plywood sheet in door frame. Add hinges and latch. Include roosts and nest boxes inside.
8. Finish exterior
Cover outside walls with siding, brick, or wire mesh. Paint or stain as desired. Add ventilation and hardware cloth.
What maintenance does a pigeon shelter require?
Regular coop maintenance keeps your pigeons healthy and prevents costly repairs down the road:
Weekly
– Clean droppings, replace nesting material
– Check for leaks, damage, pests
– Rake floor substrate for cleanliness
– Replenish food and water
– Monitor birds for health issues
Monthly
– Clean and disinfect surfaces
– Inspect roof, windows, and doors for issues
– Check wiring, lights, and ventilation
– Trim flight feathers if needed
– Treat coop and flock for lice/mites if needed
Yearly
– Make any necessary structural repairs
– Paint/seal outdoor wood surfaces
– Remove old nest materials and deep clean interior
– Replace any damaged mesh or screens
– Service automatic door openers and waterers
What are some optional additions for a pigeon shelter?
While not strictly necessary, certain extras can be beneficial in a pigeon shelter:
Electricity
– Allows using lighting, ventilation fans, automatic door openers and heated water bowls
Insulation
– Helps moderate interior temperatures in hot and cold weather
Cameras
– Allows monitoring birds remotely via live footage
Aviary
– Provides an enclosed outdoor space for birds to get fresh air and sunshine
Rodent-proofing
– Metal flashing around base of walls helps keep mice and rats out of coop
Heated water bowls
– Prevents water from freezing in cold climates so birds stay hydrated
Automatic door
– Lets birds enter and exit coop on their own for free flight time
Conclusion
Providing pigeons with a well-built shelter is one of the most important responsibilities of pigeon keepers. Following proper coop construction and placement guidelines allows your flock to thrive in a habitat that caters to their natural behaviors and instincts. With sufficient space, roosts, nesting areas, ventilation and protection from the outdoor elements, your pigeons will have a healthy home. Taking time to properly maintain the coop will also ensure it provides many years of safe and comfortable housing. If you commit to meeting your pigeons’ fundamental shelter needs, they will readily reward you with their lively companionship.