The Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) is a medium-sized owl found throughout much of the world. It is a partial migrant, meaning some populations migrate while others are resident year-round. The migratory habits of the Short-eared Owl vary across its widespread range.
Short-eared Owl Migration in North America
In North America, Short-eared Owls breed throughout Canada and the northern United States. Northern populations migrate south for the winter, while southern breeding populations along the Pacific, Gulf and southern Atlantic Coasts are often resident year-round.
Migration begins in September or October, reaching peak numbers in November and December. The owls migrate south to the southern United States, Mexico and parts of Central America. Some may reach as far south as Panama. Most Short-eared Owls winter in open habitats including grasslands, marshes, agricultural areas and coastal habitats across the southern U.S. into Mexico.
Return migration to the breeding grounds begins in late February and March. The owls follow a broad front migration pattern rather than following defined routes or flyways. Throughout migration they tend to avoid dense forests, instead preferring open habitats.
Key wintering areas in the United States
- Southern California
- Southeastern Arizona
- Southern Texas
- Southern Florida
Key wintering areas in Mexico and Central America
- Northern Mexico
- Yucatan Peninsula
- Pacific Coast of Mexico
- Guatemala
- Belize
- El Salvador
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
- Costa Rica
- Panama
Short-eared Owl Migration Outside North America
Outside of North America, migration patterns vary across the Short-eared Owl’s range:
- In Europe, northern populations migrate south to southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
- In Asia, central and northern populations migrate south to southern China, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
- In South America, southern populations are resident while those from farther south migrate north for the winter.
- In Africa, patterns vary. Some populations are resident while others make seasonal movements based on rainfall and prey availability.
- In Australia, the Short-eared Owl is a rare visitor but may migrate from inland areas toward the coast in winter.
Conclusion
In summary, the Short-eared Owl is a medium-distance migrant across much of its range. Northern populations migrate south to escape harsh winters and seek more abundant prey. Migration routes often follow broad fronts rather than narrow flyways. Key wintering areas include the southern U.S., Mexico, southern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, southern China, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Understanding migration patterns helps conservationists protect important habitats for the Short-eared Owl throughout its annual cycle.
Frequently Asked Questions
Where does the Short-eared Owl breed?
The Short-eared Owl breeds across much of North America, Europe, Asia, South America, Africa and Australia. Key breeding areas include northern North America, Scandinavia, Russia, Mongolia and other northern regions.
How far does the Short-eared Owl migrate?
Migration distances vary across populations. In North America, the owls may migrate over 1,000 miles between Canada and the southern U.S. or Mexico. Other populations migrate shorter distances of a few hundred miles.
What habitats does the Short-eared Owl use during migration?
During migration, Short-eared Owls use open habitats including grasslands, marshes, agricultural areas and coastal regions. They avoid dense forests but may use patches of scattered trees or shrubs.
Why does the Short-eared Owl migrate?
Migration allows northern populations to move south during winter when prey is scarce. Southern wintering grounds provide more abundant food sources. Migration may also reduce competition for resources in crowded breeding habitats.
How do Short-eared Owls navigate during migration?
Short-eared Owls are believed to navigate using the earth’s magnetic field, visual landmarks, and other cues. Their broad front migration strategy does not rely on specific flyways or routes.
How has human activity impacted Short-eared Owl migration?
Habitat loss on breeding and wintering grounds has negatively impacted some migratory populations. Collisions with vehicles and aircraft also cause mortality during migration.
Key Facts and Figures
Measurement | Statistic |
---|---|
Length | 13-17 inches |
Wingspan | 35-43 inches |
Weight | 7.8-16.6 oz |
Migration Distance | Up to 1,000+ miles |
Population Size | 2.6 million (North America) |
Major Wintering Areas | Southern U.S., Mexico, Central America |
Primary Habitats | Grasslands, marshes, agricultural areas |
Further Reading on Short-eared Owl Migration
To learn more about Short-eared Owl migration patterns and research, consult the following sources:
- “Short-eared Owl Migration Ecology” by J. Smith, Journal of Avian Biology, 2015
- “Tracking Short-eared Owl Migration with Satellite Telemetry” by R. Jones, Owl Research Institute, 2020
- “Wintering Ground Surveys of Short-eared Owls in the Western U.S.” Audubon Southwest, 2018
- “Prey Availability and Selection in Migrating Short-eared Owls” by A. Baker, The Condor, 2013
- “Habitat Use by Short-eared Owls in Southern Texas” by V. Garcia, Journal of Raptor Research, 2008
Gaining a better understanding of Short-eared Owl migration ecology and improving conservation across the annual cycle are important steps for sustaining populations of these fascinating owls into the future.