Owning a nightjar bird as a pet is regulated in many parts of the world. There are a few key considerations that determine whether or not you can legally own one of these unique nocturnal birds.
What are nightjars?
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds in the Caprimulgidae family. There are over 80 known species of nightjars that inhabit parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australasia and the Americas. Some of the most common types of nightjars include:
- Common nighthawk
- Common poorwill
- Ecuadorian pauraque
- European nightjar
- Whip-poor-will
Nightjars are named for their loud calls that can be heard at night in their natural habitats like woodlands, grasslands and scrublands. They have cryptic brown, grey and black plumage with intricate patterns that help them blend into their surroundings while roosting during the day.
Nightjars have very large eyes and mouths to help them see and catch insect prey at night. They hunt by flying slowly with their mouths wide open to scoop up moths, beetles and other flying insects.
Unlike most other bird species, nightjars do not build nests. The female nightjar simply lays her eggs directly onto the ground in a scrape or depression. The eggs and chicks rely on their camouflage plumage to avoid predation.
Are nightjars legal to own as pets?
Laws surrounding pet ownership of wild bird species like nightjars vary significantly depending on where you live. Some key factors that determine the legality of owning a nightjar include:
- Native status – In many areas, it is illegal to own native bird species as pets, while introduced or exotic species may be allowed with proper permits and licensing.
- Conservation status – Species listed as threatened, endangered or protected under conservation laws cannot be collected from the wild or owned without specialized permits.
- Local and national laws – Countries and local jurisdictions often have laws in place restricting pet ownership of wild-caught birds. These laws should always be checked thoroughly.
- International regulations – Owning and trading species covered under international regulations like CITES requires proper documentation at all levels.
- Bird breeder regulations – Even if ownership is allowed, the sale and trade of the birds may still be regulated requiring breeder licensing.
So before obtaining a nightjar, it’s essential to research both national and local laws that apply to the specific species you are interested in. Some species that can be owned as pets in one area may be strictly protected just across state or national borders.
Are nightjars suitable as pets?
While ownership may be legally possible in some regions, nightjars do not generally make good pets. There are several reasons why these birds are poorly suited for life in captivity:
- They are prone to stress and injury due to their delicate physical structure.
- They have specialized diets consisting mainly of insects that can be difficult to replicate in captivity.
- They are nocturnal and very inactive and quiet during the day, not displaying normal pet bird behaviors.
- They require large, specially designed enclosures to mimic their natural environment.
- They may try to escape enclosures due to their strong flight abilities and migratory instincts.
For these reasons, it’s typically recommended to simply enjoy nightjars by observing them in their natural habitat rather than attempting to keep them as pets. Some facilities like zoos and nature centers may keep them with special permission for educational purposes.
Caring for a pet nightjar
If you are permitted to own a nightjar and decide to take on the responsibility, specialized care is required to keep the bird healthy in captivity:
- Enclosure – A large flight enclosure at least 2.5m x 1.5m x 2m high is recommended, with places to perch and hide. Outdoor aviaries work best.
- Temperature – Nightjars prefer temperatures from 18-28°C and low humidity. Heat lamps and misting systems can help maintain their preferred climate.
- Lighting – Dim lighting is required during the day to allow them to rest, with bright light at night to maintain their circadian rhythms.
- Diet – A varied diet of insects like moths, crickets, mealworms, waxworms. Small amounts of fruit can supplement.
- Exercise – Regular flying exercise by allowing free flight in a safe enclosed area for at least an hour daily.
With ample space, proper lighting, an insect-rich diet, and minimal stress or human interaction, a nightjar can potentially do well in captivity. However, meeting their complex habitat and dietary needs takes commitment and resources.
Acquiring a nightjar legally
If ownership is legal in your area, the only way to acquire a nightjar ethically and legally is through an accredited breeder or aviculturist. Any trade in wild-caught nightjars will be illegal, unethical and harmful to natural populations. When sourcing a bird, look for the following:
- Reputable breeder with all necessary licenses and permits
- Legal documentation like breeder’s certificates
- Veterinary health checks for any bird before purchase
- No capture from the wild
- No import/export from disreputable dealers
Be prepared to pay a high price from a legitimate breeder, often over $1000 USD depending on the species. Doing your due diligence helps protect wild populations and ensures healthy pet birds.
Conclusion
Owning nightjars and other native wild birds as pets is heavily restricted or illegal in most areas for conservation reasons. Where ownership is possible with proper licensing and permits, nightjars do not make suitable companion parrots and require advanced care. For these reasons, admiring nightjars in their natural environment is recommended over attempting to keep them in captivity in all but a few exceptions. With proper facilities and expertise, some nightjar species can be successfully kept for educational purposes if local laws permit. But extreme care must be taken to avoid illegal or unethical trade in wild-caught birds that can negatively impact fragile populations.